


GIFSICLE(1)                                           GIFSICLE(1)


NAME
       gifsicle - manipulates GIF images and animations

SYNOPSIS
       gifsicle [options, frames, and filenames]...

DESCRIPTION
       gifsicle  is a powerful command-line program for creating,
       editing, manipulating, and getting information  about  GIF
       images and animations.

INTRODUCTION
       Without  options, gifsicle acts like a filter: you feed it
       a GIF on standard input, and it writes that GIF  on  stan-
       dard  output.  That  means  these two commands do the same
       thing:

            gifsicle < in.gif > out.gif
            gifsicle < in.gif | gifsicle | gifsicle > out.gif

       Not too interesting. Most times you'll  tell  gifsicle  to
       alter its inputs by giving it command line options. The -i
       option, for example,  tells  it  to  interlace  its  input
       files:

            gifsicle -i < pic.gif > interlaced-pic.gif


       To  modify  GIF files in place, you should use the --batch
       option. With --batch, gifsicle will modify the  files  you
       specify instead of writing a new file to the standard out-
       put. To interlace all the GIFs in the  current  directory,
       you could say:

            gifsicle --batch -i *.gif


       gifsicle  is  good at creating and manipulating GIF anima-
       tions. The simplest way to create an animation is to  give
       more  than  one input file, which gifsicle will combine to
       create a "flipbook" animation:

            gifsicle pic1.gif pic2.gif pic3.gif > animation.gif

       Use options like --delay, --loopcount, and  --optimize  to
       tune  your  animations;  see  their  descriptions for more
       details.

       New users may want to skip to the Examples section at  the
       end.

CONCEPT INDEX
       Concepts are on the left, relevant gifsicle options are on
       the right.



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       Animations, changing     frame selections, frame  changes,
                                etc.
          disposal              --disposal
          looping               --loopcount
          portions of           frame selections
          smaller               --optimize, --colors
          speed                 --delay
       Bad output               --careful
       Background color         --background
       Colors, changing         --change-color,   --use-colormap,
                                --dither, --transform-colormap
          reducing number       --colors, --dither
       Comments                 --comment
       Extensions               --extension,     --app-extension,
                                --extension-info
       File size                --optimize,         --unoptimize,
                                --colors
       Image transformations
          cropping              --crop, --crop-transparency
          flipping              --flip-*
          resizing              --resize, --scale
          rotating              --rotate-*
       Grayscale                --use-colormap
       Interlacing              --interlace
       Positioning frames       --position
       Screen, logical          --logical-screen
       Selecting frames         frame selections (like '#0')
       Transparency             --transparent
       Warnings                 --no-warnings
       Web-safe palette         --use-colormap

COMMAND LINE
       gifsicle's command line consists of GIF  input  files  and
       options.  Most  options start with a dash (-) or plus (+);
       frame selections, a kind of option, start  with  a  number
       sign (#). Anything else is a GIF input file.

       gifsicle  reads and processes GIF input files in order. If
       no GIF input file is given, or you give the special  file-
       name `-', it reads from the standard input.

       gifsicle  exits  with status 0 if there were no errors and
       status 1 otherwise.

OPTIONS
       Every option has a long  form,  `--long-descriptive-name'.
       You  don't  need  to type the whole long descriptive name,
       just enough to make it unambiguous.

       Some options also have a short form, `-X'.  You  can  com-
       bine short options if they don't take arguments: `-IIb' is
       the same as `-I -I -b'.  But be careful with options  that
       do take arguments: `-cblah' means `-c blah', not `-c -b -l
       -a -h'.



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GIFSICLE(1)                                           GIFSICLE(1)


       Many options also have a  converse,  `--no-option',  which
       turns off the option. You can turn off a short option `-X'
       by saying `+X' instead.

   Mode Options
       Mode options tell gifsicle what kind of output  to  gener-
       ate. There can be at most one, and it must precede any GIF
       inputs.

       --merge, -m
            Combine all GIF inputs into one  file  with  multiple
            frames  and  write  that file to the standard output.
            This is the default mode.

       --batch, -b
            Modify each GIF input in place by reading and writing
            to  the  same filename.  (GIFs read from the standard
            input are written to the standard output.)

       --explode, -e
            Create an output GIF for each  frame  of  each  input
            file. The output GIFs are named `xxx.000', `xxx.001',
            and so on, where `xxx' is the name of the input  file
            (or  whatever  you specified with `--output') and the
            numeric extension is the frame number.

       --explode-by-name, -E
            Same as --explode, but  write  any  named  frames  to
            files   `xxx.name'   instead  of  `xxx.frame-number'.
            Frames are named using the `--name' option.

   General Options
       General options control the  information  gifsicle  prints
       and  where  it  writes  its  output.  The info options and
       --verbose can be turned off with `--no-X'.

       --info, -I
            Print a human-readable description of each input  GIF
            to  the standard output, or whatever file you specify
            with -o.  This option suppresses normal  output,  and
            cannot  be  combined  with mode options like --batch.
            If you give two --info or -I options, however, infor-
            mation  is printed to standard error, and normal out-
            put takes place as usual.

       --color-info, --cinfo
            Like --info, but also print information  about  input
            files' colormaps.

       --extension-info, --xinfo
            Like  --info, but also print any unrecognized GIF ex-
            tensions in a hexdump(1)-like format.





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       --size-info, --sinfo
            Like --info, but also print  information  about  com-
            pressed image sizes.

       --help, -h
            Print usage information and exit.

       -o file
       --output file
            Send  output to file.  The special filename `-' means
            the standard output.

       --verbose, -V
            Print progress information (files read  and  written)
            to standard error.

       --no-warnings, -w
            Suppress all warning messages.

       --version
            Print  the version number and some short non-warranty
            information and exit.

       --careful
            Write slightly larger GIFs that avoid  bugs  in  some
            other GIF implementations. Some Java and Internet Ex-
            plorer versions cannot display the  correct,  minimal
            GIFs that Gifsicle produces. Use the --careful option
            if you are having problems with a particular image.

       --conserve-memory
            Conserve memory usage at the  expense  of  processing
            time.  This may be useful if you are processing large
            GIFs on a computer without very much memory.

       --nextfile
            Allow input files to  contain  multiple  concatenated
            GIF  images.  If a filename appears multiple times on
            the command line, gifsicle will read a new image from
            the  file  each  time.  This  option can help scripts
            avoid the need for temporary files. For  example,  to
            create an animated GIF with three frames with differ-
            ent delays, you might run "gifsicle --nextfile -d10 -
            -d20  - -d30 - > out.gif" and write the three GIF im-
            ages, in sequence, to gifsicle's standard input.

       --multifile
            Like --nextfile, but read as many GIF images as  pos-
            sible  from  each  file.  This option is intended for
            scripts. For example, to merge an unknown  number  of
            GIF  images  into  a  single animation, run "gifsicle
            --multifile - > out.gif" and write the GIF images, in
            sequence,  to  gifsicle's  standard input.  Any frame
            selections apply only to the last file  in  the  con-



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            catenation.

   Frame Selections
       A  frame selection tells gifsicle which frames to use from
       the current input file. They are useful  only  for  anima-
       tions,  as non-animated GIFs only have one frame. Here are
       the acceptable forms for frame specifications.

       #num         Select frame num. (The first frame  is  `#0'.
                    Negative  numbers  count  backwards  from the
                    last frame, which is `#-1'.)
       #num1-num2   Select frames num1 through num2.
       #num1-       Select frames num1 through the last frame.
       #name        Select the frame named name.

       The `#' character has special meaning for many shells,  so
       you generally need to quote it.

       For example,
            gifsicle happy.gif "#0"
       uses the first frame from happy.gif;
            gifsicle happy.gif "#0-2"
       uses its first three frames; and
            gifsicle happy.gif "#-1-0"
       uses  `happy.gif's  frames in reverse order (starting from
       frame #-1 -- the last frame -- and ending at frame  #0  --
       the first).

       The  action  performed with the selected frames depends on
       the current mode. In merge mode, only the selected  frames
       are  merged  into  the output GIF. In batch mode, only the
       selected frames are  modified;  other  frames  remain  un-
       changed. In explode mode, only the selected frames are ex-
       ploded into output GIFs.

   Frame Change Options
       Frame change options insert new frames into  an  animation
       or  replace  or  delete  frames  that  already exist. Some
       things -- for example, changing one frame in an  animation
       --  are  difficult  to  express with frame selections, but
       easy with frame changes.

       --delete frames [frames...]
            Delete frames from the input GIF.

       --insert-before frame other-GIFs
            Insert other-GIFs before frame in the input GIF.

       --append other-GIFs
            Append other-GIFs to the input GIF.

       --replace frames other-GIFs
            Replace frames from the input GIF with other-GIFs.




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       --done
            Complete the current set of frame changes.

       The frames arguments are  frame  selections  (see  above).
       These  arguments  always refer to frames from the original
       input GIF. So, if `a.gif' has 3  frames  and  `b.gif'  has
       one, this command
            gifsicle a.gif --delete "#0" --replace "#2" b.gif
       will  produce  an  output animation with 2 frames: `a.gif'
       frame 1, then `b.gif'.

       The other-GIFs arguments are any number of GIF input files
       and  frame selections.  These images are combined in merge
       mode and added to the input GIF.  The other-GIFs last  un-
       til the next frame change option, so this command replaces
       the first frame of `in.gif' with the merge of `a.gif'  and
       `b.gif':
            gifsicle -b in.gif --replace "#0" a.gif b.gif

       This   command,  however,  replaces  the  first  frame  of
       `in.gif' with `a.gif' and then processes `b.gif' separate-
       ly:
            gifsicle -b in.gif --replace "#0" a.gif --done b.gif

       Warning: You shouldn't use both frame selections and frame
       changes on the same input GIF.

   Image Options
       Image options modify input images -- by changing their in-
       terlacing,  transparency, and cropping, for example. Image
       options have three forms: `--X', `--no-X', and `--same-X'.
       The  `--X'  form  selects  a  value  for  the feature, the
       `--no-X' form turns off the feature,  and  the  `--same-X'
       form  means  that  the feature's value is copied from each
       input. The default is  always  `--same-X'.   For  example,
       -background="#0000FF"  sets  the background color to blue,
       --no-background turns the background color off (by setting
       it  to 0), and --same-background uses input images' exist-
       ing background colors. You can give each  option  multiple
       times; for example,
            gifsicle -b -O2 -i a.gif --same-interlace b.gif c.gif
       will  make  `a.gif'  interlaced,  but  leave  `b.gif'  and
       `c.gif' interlaced only if they were already.

       -B color
       --background color
            Set the output GIF's background to color.  The  argu-
            ment  can have the same forms as in the --transparent
            option below.

       --crop x1,y1-x2,y2
       --crop x1,y1+widthxheight
            Crop the following input frames to a smaller  rectan-
            gular  area. The top-left corner of this rectangle is



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            (x1,y1); you can give either the lower-right  corner,
            (x2,y2), or the width and height of the rectangle. In
            the x1,y1+widthxheight form, width and height can  be
            zero or negative. A zero dimension means the cropping
            area goes to the edge of the image; a negative dimen-
            sion  brings  the cropping area that many pixels back
            from the image edge. For  example,  --crop  2,2+-2x-2
            will shave 2 pixels off each side of the input image.
            Cropping takes place before any  rotation,  flipping,
            resizing, or positioning.

       --crop-transparency
            Crop  any transparent borders off the following input
            frames. This happens after any cropping  due  to  the
            --crop  option. It works on the raw input images; for
            example, any transparency options have not  yet  been
            applied.

       --flip-horizontal
       --flip-vertical
            Flip the following frames horizontally or vertically.

       -i
       --interlace
            Turn interlacing on.

       -S widthxheight
       --logical-screen widthxheight
            Set  the  output  logical  screen  to   widthxheight.
            --no-logical-screen sets the output logical screen to
            the  size  of  the  largest   output   frame,   while
            --same-logical-screen  sets the output logical screen
            to the largest input logical screen.  --screen  is  a
            synonym for --logical-screen.

       -p x,y
       --position x,y
            Set   the   following  frames'  positions  to  (x,y).
            --no-position means --position 0,0.  Normally,  --po-
            sition  x,y  places every succeeding frame exactly at
            x,y. However, if an entire animation is input, x,y is
            treated as the position for the animation.

       --rotate-90
       --rotate-180
       --rotate-270
            Rotate  the  following  frames by 90, 180, or 270 de-
            grees.  --no-rotate turns off any rotation.

       -t color
       --transparent color
            Make color transparent in the following frames.  Col-
            or  can  be  a  colormap index (0-255), a hexadecimal
            color specification (like "#FF00FF" for magenta),  or



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            slash-  or comma-separated red, green and blue values
            (each between 0 and 255).

   Extension Options
       Extension options add non-visual information to the output
       GIF.  This  includes  names,  comments, and generic exten-
       sions.

       -x app-name extension
       --app-extension app-name extension
            Add an application extension named app-name and  with
            the value extension to the output GIF.

       -c text
       --comment text
            Add  a  comment, text, to the output GIF. The comment
            will be placed before the next frame in the stream.

            --no-comments and --same-comments affect all the  im-
            ages following, and apply only to input GIF comments,
            not ones added with --comment.

       --extension number extension
            Add an extension numbered number and with  the  value
            extension  to the output GIF.  Number can be in deci-
            mal, octal, hex, or it can be a single character like
            `n', whose ASCII value is used.

            --no-extensions  (or +x) and --same-extensions affect
            all the images following, and apply only to input GIF
            extensions.

       -n text
       --name text
            Set  the  next  frame's  name  to text.  This name is
            stored as an extension in the output  GIF  (extension
            number  0xCE, followed by the characters of the frame
            name).

            --no-names and --same-names  affect  all  the  images
            following.  They  apply  only to input GIF names, not
            ones added with --name.

   Animation Options
       Animation options apply to GIF animations, or to individu-
       al  frames  in GIF animations. As with image options, most
       animation options have three forms, `--X',  `--no-X',  and
       `--same-X',  and  you  can give animation options multiple
       times; for example,
            gifsicle -b a.gif -d50 "#0" "#1" -d100 "#2" "#3"
       sets the delays of frames 0 and 1 to 50, and frames 2  and
       3 to 100.





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       -d time
       --delay time
            Set the delay between frames to time in hundredths of
            a second.

       -D method
       --disposal method
            Set the disposal method for the following  frames  to
            method.   A  frame's disposal method determines how a
            viewer should remove the frame when it's time to dis-
            play  the next.  Method can be a number between 0 and
            7 (although only 0 through 3 are  generally  meaning-
            ful),  or  one  of these names: none (leave the frame
            visible for future frames to build upon), asis  (same
            as  "none"),  background  (or  bg) (replace the frame
            with the background), or previous (replace the  frame
            with  the  area  from  the previous displayed frame).
            --no-disposal means --disposal=none.

       -l[count]
       --loopcount[=count]
            Set the Netscape loop extension to count.   Count  is
            an integer, or forever to loop endlessly. If you sup-
            ply a --loopcount option  without  specifying  count,
            Gifsicle  will  use forever.  --no-loopcount (the de-
            fault) turns off looping.

            Set the loop count to one less  than  the  number  of
            times  you  want  the  animation to run. An animation
            with  --no-loopcount  will  show  every  frame  once;
            --loopcount=1  will  loop  once,  thus  showing every
            frame twice; and so forth.  Note  that  --loopcount=0
            is  equivalent to --loopcount=forever, not --no-loop-
            count.

       -O[level]
       --optimize[=level]
            Optimize output GIF animations for space.  Level  de-
            termines how much optimization is done; higher levels
            take longer, but may have better results.  There  are
            currently three levels:

            -O1  Stores  only  the changed portion of each image.
                 This is the default.
            -O2  Also uses transparency to shrink the  file  fur-
                 ther.
            -O3  Try  several optimization methods (usually slow-
                 er, sometimes better results).

            Other optimization flags provide  finer-grained  con-
            trol.

            -Okeep-empty
                 Preserve  empty  transparent  frames  (they  are



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                 dropped by default).

            There is no --same-optimize option.

       -U
       --unoptimize
            Unoptimize GIF animations into an easy-to-edit  form.

            GIF  animations  are often optimized (see --optimize)
            to make them smaller and faster to load, which unfor-
            tunately  makes them difficult to edit.  --unoptimize
            changes optimized input GIFs into  unoptimized  GIFs,
            where each frame is a faithful representation of what
            a user would see at that point in the animation.

            There is no --same-unoptimize option.

   Image Transformation Options
       Image transformation options apply to entire GIFs as  they
       are read or written. They can be turned off with `--no-op-
       tion'.

       --resize widthxheight
            Resize the output GIF to widthxheight.  Either  width
            or  height  may be an underscore `_'. If the argument
            is widthx_, then the output GIF is  scaled  to  width
            pixels  wide  without  changing  its aspect ratio. An
            analogous operation is performed for  _xheight.   Re-
            sizing  happens after all input frames have been com-
            bined and before optimization. Gifsicle's resize  al-
            gorithm is designed for speed, not quality; for best-
            looking results you will need to use other tools.

       --resize-width width
       --resize-height height
            Like --resize widthx_ and --resize  _xheight  respec-
            tively.

       --resize-fit widthxheight
            Like  --resize,  but  resizes  the  output GIF to fit
            within a rectangle with dimensions widthxheight.  The
            GIF's  aspect  ratio  remains unchanged. No resize is
            performed if the GIF already fits  within  the  given
            rectangle.  Either  width  or height may be an under-
            score `_', which is treated as infinity.

       --resize-fit-width width
       --resize-fit-height height
            Like --resize-fit widthx_ and  --resize-fit  _xheight
            respectively.

       --scale Xfactor[xYfactor]
            Scale  the  output  GIF's width and height by Xfactor
            and Yfactor.  If Yfactor is not given, it defaults to



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            Xfactor.  Scaling happens after all input frames have
            been combined and before optimization.

   Color Options
       Color options apply to entire GIFs as  they  are  read  or
       written. They can be turned off with `--no-option'.

       -k num
       --colors num
            Reduce  the  number of distinct colors in each output
            GIF to num or less.  Num must be between 2  and  256.
            This  can  be used to shrink output GIFs or eliminate
            any local color tables.

            Unless you give --use-colormap, an adaptive group  of
            colors  is chosen from the existing color table.  You
            can affect this process with the  --color-method  op-
            tion.  Gifsicle  may  need to add an additional color
            (making num+1 in all) if there is transparency in the
            image.

       --color-method method
            Determine how a smaller colormap is chosen. There are
            three choices: diversity, the default, is xv(1)'s di-
            versity  algorithm, which uses a strict subset of the
            existing colors.  blend-diversity is  a  modification
            of  this:  some color values are blended from a group
            of the existing colors.  median-cut is the median cut
            algorithm  described by Heckbert.  --method is a syn-
            onym for --color-method.

       -f
       --dither
            This option only matters if the colormap was changed.
            With  --dither on, Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion is
            used to approximate any  colors  that  were  removed.
            This  looks  better,  but  makes bigger files and can
            cause animation artifacts, so it is off by default.

       --change-color color1 color2
            Change color1 to color2 in the following input  GIFs.
            (The color arguments have the same forms as in the -t
            option.) You can change multiple colors by giving the
            option  multiple times. Color changes don't interfere
            with one another, so you can safely swap  two  colors
            with  `--change-color  color1  color2  --change-color
            color2 color1'.  They all take effect as an input GIF
            is   read.    --no-change-color   cancels  all  color
            changes.

       --transform-colormap command
            Command should be a shell  command  that  reads  from
            standard  input  and  writes to standard output. Each
            colormap in the output GIF is  translated  into  text



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            colormap  format (see --use-colormap below) and piped
            to the command. The  output  that  command  generates
            (which  should  also be in text colormap format) will
            be used as the colormap instead.

       --use-colormap colormap
            Change the image to use colormap.  Each pixel in  the
            image  is  changed  to  the closest match in colormap
            (or, if --dither is on, to a dithered combination  of
            colors  in  colormap).   Colormap  can be web for the
            216-color "Web-safe palette"; gray for grayscale;  bw
            for black-and-white; or the name of a file. That file
            should either be a text file (the format is described
            below)  or  a GIF file, whose global colormap will be
            used. If --colors=N is also given, an N-sized  subset
            of colormap will be used.

            Text colormap files use this format:

            ; each non-comment line represents one color, "red green blue"
            ; each component should be between 0 and 255
            0 0 0            ; like this
            255 255 255
            ; or use web hex notation
            #ffffff          ; like this


EXAMPLES
       First, let's create an animation, `anim.gif':

            gifsicle a.gif b.gif c.gif d.gif > anim.gif

       This  animation  will  move  very quickly: since we didn't
       specify a delay, a browser will cycle through  the  frames
       as fast as it can. Let's slow it down and pause .5 seconds
       between frames, using the --delay option.

            gifsicle --delay 50 a.gif b.gif c.gif d.gif > anim.gif

       If we also want the GIF to loop three times,  we  can  use
       --loopcount:

            gifsicle -d 50 --loop=3 a.gif b.gif c.gif d.gif > anim.gif

       (Rather  than  type --delay again, we used its short form,
       -d.  Many options have short forms; you can  see  them  by
       running  `gifsicle  --help'.   We also abbreviated --loop-
       count to --loop, which is OK since no other option  starts
       with `loop'.)

       To explode `anim.gif' into its component frames:

            gifsicle --explode anim.gif
            ls anim.gif*



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            anim.gif      anim.gif.000  anim.gif.001  anim.gif.002  anim.gif.003

       To optimize `anim.gif':

            gifsicle -b -O2 anim.gif

       To change the second frame of `anim.gif' to `x.gif':

            gifsicle -b --unoptimize -O2 anim.gif --replace "#1" x.gif

       --unoptimize is used since `anim.gif' was optimized in the
       last step. Editing individual frames in optimized GIFs  is
       dangerous   without  --unoptimize;  frames  following  the
       changed frame  could  be  corrupted  by  the  change.   Of
       course, this might be what you want.

       Note that --unoptimize and --optimize can be on simultane-
       ously.  --unoptimize affects input GIF files, while  --op-
       timize affects output GIF files.

       To  print information about the first and fourth frames of
       `anim.gif':

            gifsicle -I "#0" "#3" < anim.gif

       To make black the transparent color in all the GIFs in the
       current directory, and also print information about each:

            gifsicle -bII --trans "#000000" *.gif

       Giving  -I  twice forces normal output to occur. With only
       one -I, the GIFs would not be modified.

       To change `anim.gif' to use a 64-color subset of the  Web-
       safe palette:

            gifsicle -b --colors=64 --use-col=web anim.gif

       To make a dithered black-and-white version of `anim.gif':

            gifsicle --dither --use-col=bw anim.gif > anim-bw.gif


       To  overlay  one GIF atop another -- producing a one-frame
       output GIF that looks like the superposition  of  the  two
       inputs -- use gifsicle twice:

            gifsicle bottom.gif top.gif | gifsicle -U "#1" > result.gif


BUGS
       Some  optimized output GIFs may appear incorrectly on some
       GIF implementations (for example, Java's); see the --care-
       ful option.



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GIFSICLE(1)                                           GIFSICLE(1)


       Please  email  suggestions, additions, patches and bugs to
       ekohler@gmail.com.

SEE ALSO
       For a tutorial on GIF images and animations, you might try
       some of the resources listed on-line at webreference.com:
       http://www.webreference.com/authoring/graphics/animation.html

AUTHORS
       Eddie Kohler <ekohler@gmail.com>
       http://www.read.seas.harvard.edu/~kohler/
       He wrote it.

       Anne Dudfield <annied@frii.com>
       http://www.frii.com/~annied/
       She named it.

       Hans Dinsen-Hansen <dino@danbbs.dk>
       http://www.danbbs.dk/~dino/
       Adaptive tree method for GIF writing.

       http://www.lcdf.org/gifsicle/
       The gifsicle home page.


































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